血根碱抗水霉菌体外活性研究

采用测OD值和琼脂稀释法,以孔雀石绿、氯化钠作为对照,分别进行了3种药物对水霉菌孢子和菌丝的体外抑菌活性研究,其中血根碱以2%DMSO(二甲亚砜)为溶剂,孔雀石绿和NaCl均以水为溶剂。结果表明:血根碱对水霉孢子的MIC80为200μg/mL,对菌丝的MIC为256μg/mL;孔雀石绿对水霉菌孢子的MIC80为6μg/mL,对菌丝的MIC为12μg/mL;氯化钠对水霉菌孢子的MIC80为15 000μg/mL,对菌丝的MIC为20 000μg/mL,说明血根碱具有开发为抗水霉菌药物应用于渔药领域的前景。     

不同载体包埋食用菌菌种的实验研究

分别用海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、卡拉胶、明胶、醋酸纤维素和聚丙烯酰胺作载体,对食用菌菌种进行固定化实验,结果显示以10%聚乙烯醇添加0.8%海藻酸钠为包埋剂进行菌种固定化,所制备的固定化菌种其机械强度和细胞活性都最好。     

丁酸钠植物精油复合制剂对南美白对虾生长性能、致病性弧菌和非特异性免疫的影响

研究丁酸钠植物精油复合制剂对南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、肠道微生物及非特异性免疫的影响.试验分为2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+2.5 kg/t 丁酸钠植物精油复合制剂.结果显示,相比对照组,试验组南美白对虾增长率提高11.73％(P＜0.01),质量增加率提高13.5...     

海藻酸钠包埋保藏对食药用菌种活性的影响

采用海藻酸钠包埋食药用菌种 ,并于液体石蜡中封藏 3年后测定其活性。结果表明 :食药用菌种平均萌发率为 84.0 % ,平均萌发时间为 3 2h ,菌丝生长速度为 0 .75 8cm/d。     

Differential Sensitivity of Rice Cultivars to Salinity and Its Relation to Ion Accumulation and Root Tip Structure

Abstract

Effects of NaCl on the growth, ion content, root cap structure and Casparian band development were examined in four rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with different salt resistance (salt-sensitive indica-type IR 24 and japonica-type Nipponbare and salt-resistant indica-type Nona Bokra and Pokkali). Experiments were conducted to find the differences in salinity resistance during early seedling and developed seedling stages among the cultivars. For salinity treatment, sodium chloride (NaCl) was added to nutrient solution at concentrations of 0, 25 and 50 mM for 7 days from germination to the 7th day (early seedling stage) or from the 7th day to 14th day (developed seedling stage). Growth inhibition by salinity was more prominent in the early seedling stage than in the developed seedling stage. Based on the growth, the order of the sensitivity was IR24 > Nipponbare > Nona Bokra > Pokkali. The growth of NaCl-treated rice cultivars relative to control was significantly and negatively correlated with the Na⁺ content and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in roots and shoots in both stages. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the root cap tissues proliferated and extended to the basal part of the root tip by salinity. The length of root cap was, however, reduced by 50 mM NaCl in sensitive cultivars due to peeling off. An endodermal Casparian band was formed in the basal region of the root tip. Development of the Casparian band was more prominent in sensitive cultivars than in tolerant cultivars. Root cap proliferation might be related to NaCl resistance in rice seedlings, but the Casparian band may not function efficiently in Na⁺ exclusion. Essentially the present results suggest that exclusion of Na⁺ from roots plays a critical role in expression of Na⁺ resistance in rice seedlings and the root cap is important for Na⁺ exclusion.     

Effect of sodium chloride on gluten network formation,dough microstructure and rheology in relation to breadmaking

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an essential ingredient to control the functional properties of wheat dough and bread quality. This study investigated the effect of NaCl at 0, 1 and 2%, (w/w, flour base) on the gluten network formation during dough development, the dough rheology, and the baking characteristics of two commercial flours containing different levels of protein (9.0 and 13.5%) and with different glutenin-to-gliadin ratios. Examination of the dough structure by confocal microscopy at different stages of mixing show that the gluten network formation was delayed and the formation of elongated fibril protein structure at the end of dough development when NaCl was used. The fibril structure of protein influenced the dough strength, as determined by strain hardening coefficient and hardening index obtained from the large deformation extension measurements. NaCl had a greater effect on enhancing the strength of dough prepared from the low protein flour compared to those from the high protein flour. The effect of NaCl on loaf volume and crumb structure of bread followed a similar trend. These results indicate that the effect of NaCl on dough strength and bread quality may be partially compensated by choosing flour with an appropriate amount and quality of gluten protein.     

生物相容型氯氰菊酯农药微乳剂的制备与性质研究

以2-丁酮为溶剂、葡萄糖酯和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂、正丁醇为助表面活性剂,制备生物相容型氯氰菊酯农药微乳剂,通过紫外-可见光光谱测定、负染-电镜分析对体系形貌和结构进行了表征,并进行接触角测定.结果表明,该微乳体系具有较好的热贮稳定性、冷贮稳定性、稀释稳定性和经时稳定性;氯氰菊酯的增溶效果较好,粒径分布均匀,符合微乳剂的标准.在杨福麦7116叶面的接触角较小,易于铺展,适合农业生产上应用.     

火腿肠中亚硝酸盐含量的测定

[目的]分析测定火腿肠中亚硝酸盐的含量。[方法]采用分光光度法确定亚硝酸钠的最佳吸收波长,检测市售2种不同种类的火腿肠中亚硝酸钠的含量。[结果]试验表明,亚硝酸钠的最佳吸收波长为538nm,2种市售火腿肠中的亚硝酸钠含量根据国标都在安全食用范围之内。[结论]分光光度法检测食品中亚硝酸盐含量操作快捷、灵敏度高、设备简单、结果直观,效果较好。     

Na2CO3催化微波合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

[目的]以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,采用碳酸钠作催化剂微波辐射合成乙酰水杨酸。[方法]采用正交试验法,考察了催化剂用量、微波功率、辐射时间对反应产率的影响。[结果]优选出的较佳反应条件为:取6.3 g水杨酸和9 ml乙酸酐,催化剂碳酸钠用量0.4g,微波功率400 W,辐射时间90 s。在此条件下,乙酰水杨酸产率达83.25%。[结论]采用碳酸钠微波催化合成乙酰水杨酸,反应收率较好。